Eleni Tzatzaki, Michael Spartalis, Vasileios Kamperidis, Eleftherios Spartalis, George Giannakoulas, Haralampos Karvounis
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD patients have a high burden of risk factors that are closely related to accelerated atherosclerosis, left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, hypertrophy and dilatation, and high LV filling pressure. Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients frequently leads to the development of congestive heart failure and contributes to significant mortality and adverse clinical outcomes in CKD patients. Early identification of the diastolic dysfunction by echocardiography, before the onset of clinical heart failure, and intervention in CKD patients can lead to improved outcomes and can help in developing strategic treatments and in choosing patients most likely to benefit from these strategies. This review examines the diastolic dysfunction in end-stage renal disease patients, the underlying pathophysiological process, the risk factors, the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction and the treatment options.
Keywords: Diastolic dysfunction, end-stage renal disease, ESRD, echocardiography